Retrieval Practice (testing) Effect Retrieval Practice (testing) Effect History of Research on the Testing Effect Generalizability of the Testing Effect

observers seem to enliven the subsequent schadenfreude, even producing a sense of poetic justice. Resentment is often intense and can lead to extreme, sometimes violent actions. Because people feeling resentment believe they have been unjustly treated and wronged, they can correspondingly feel justified in redressing the wrong. However, the possibility of biased, exaggerated, construals of the wrong mean that the redressing actions are themselves wrong. Spiraling retaliatory actions can then ensue. Scholars speculate that many intergroup conflicts mirror this pattern. Clearly, resentment is an important human emotion that deserves careful and sustained study.